Formation of Pakistan – On Pakistan Independence Day

The campaign to establish an independent Muslim state came to prominence in the 1920s and 30s. It was led by the philosopher and poet Mohammad Iqbal and Mohammad Ali Jinnah. The Muslim League provincial government in August 1946 in Calcutta made a call to Muslims for a “Direct Action Day” – to support the creation of Pakistan.

Jinnah and the league posited a “two-nation theory” that argued Indian Muslims were entitled to—and therefore required—a separate, self- governing state in a reconstituted subcontinent.

Pakistan was created, as an Islamic state, out of the partition of the UK’s Indian Empire, at independence in August 1947. It originally consisted of two parts, West and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), separated by 1,600 km of Indian territory.

With the arrival of Indian Muslims and the departure of Pakistan’s Hindus and Sikhs, Pakistan became an almost entirely Muslim society. Jinnah, who was honored as the Quaid-i-Azam, or great leader, and Liaquat Ali Khan, was named prime minister.

Jinnah died in 1948 and there was confusion in the political setup. In 1956, Pakistan became a federal republic. It has been under military rule for long periods. Its first Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, was assassinated in 1951.

Meanwhile, in East Pakistan, the opposition had developed against the Muslim League, which was capped in 1952 by a series of riots that sprang from an attempt to make Urdu the only national language of Pakistan, although Bengali was predominant.

Some Interesting Facts About Pakistan

The name Pakistan derives from two words, “Pak,” which is Persian for holy, clean or pure, and “istan” derives from the Hindi word “isthan,” which means a place.

• The country has six designated UNESCO World Heritage sites: the archeological ruins at Mohenjodaro; the Buddhist ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and the neighboring city remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol; the Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore; the monuments at Makli; Fort Rohtas; and the ancient ruins of Taxila
• The world’s first PC virus was created by two Pakistani brothers. Basit Farooq Alvi and Amjad Farooq Alvi created “Brain,” which was discovered in 1986 and targeted IBM PC platforms.
• The late Benazir Bhutto was the first woman to head a democratic government in a Muslim-majority country.

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